Jelang Final Piala EURO

Spanyol yang telah menang menghadapi portugal lewat adu finalti 4-2, Ronaldo yang gagal/tidak mengeksekusi tendangan finalti.... menyesal karena negaranya kalah.... kemenangan spanyol ini mungkin hanya faktor keberuntungan .

 tgl 28 germany akan menghadapi italy. tim italy harus waspada dengan 3 pemain germany.

italy yang menang melawan england lewat adu finalti itu membawa italy masuk ke semi final piala EURO.
Kemungkinan Final piala EURO akan di laksanakan tanggal 1 Juli ....

Siapa Jagoan Anda...?

Read More

Causes of the Tragedy Sukhoi super jet 100 in the mountains bow

National Aeronautics and Space Agency (Lapan) said Sukhoi Superjet 100 crashed while climbing Mount Salak on May 9 at 14:33 pm, the mountain is covered with towering cumulonimbus clouds as high as 37,000 feet (11.1 km)."The simple logic, the pilot will find the safest way out. But to raise the plane to overcome the cloud may be considered too high, from 10,000 feet to fly over 37,000 feet. Therefore, the choice was to find a way to the right, left, or down, "said Deputy Science, Assessment, and Aerospace Information Lapan Thomas Djamaluddin, when contacted from Jakarta, Saturday.Therefore, he explained, the choice of asking for permission to lower the altitude of 6,000 feet the aircraft may be based on the consideration that there are a few gaps which are shown below, but too late to take into account the risk of more fatal to the mountainous topography.He described, the data show around the time of the incident MTSAT, clouds around Mount Salak did look very tightly with cloud coverage of more than 70 percent.Analysis of convection indices that can describe cloud height also showed a significant index of about 30 of Cb clouds (cumulonimbus) towering up to about 37,000 feet (11.1 kilometers).Satellite data, he added, illustrates that the time of the incident, the plane surrounded by towering clouds. In the moments before it crashed, informed the plane dropped from a height of 10,000 feet (3 kilometers) to 6,000 feet (1.8 kilometers), whereas high-Salak mountain about 2.2 miles.However this analysis, he said, just based on weather satellite data, just to give an answer while based on data, not based on unfounded speculation."Comprehensive analysis of other factors of course we are waiting for the flight rekamanan analysis by the National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC), though of course the weather still not be ruled out," Djamal said.Meanwhile, former Head of Technical Unit of Artificial Rain BPPT encountered Syamsul Bahri said that, while flying in the clouds encircling a pilot has a high risk for sudden rise or fall suddenly."That's why, every pilot is always to avoid the clouds to avoid this risk by flying far above the cloud coverage. However, the pilot may have not mastered this rugged terrain, "said the Head of Planning BPPT experienced fly for weather modification service it. (Reuters / ea )


Dari berbagai sumber

Read More

Penyebab Tragedi Sukhoi di Gunung Salak.

  Lembaga Antariksa dan Penerbangan Nasional (Lapan) menyatakan saat Sukhoi Superjet 100 menabrak tebing Gunung Salak tanggal 9 Mei pukul 14.33 WIB, gunung tersebut sedang diliputi awan Cumulonimbus menjulang setinggi 37.000 kaki (11,1 km).
“Logika sederhananya, pilot akan mencari jalan keluar yang paling aman. Namun menaikkan pesawat untuk mengatasi awan mungkin dianggap terlalu tinggi, dari 10.000 kaki harus terbang melebihi 37.000 kaki. Karena itu, pilihannya hanya mencari jalan ke kanan, kiri, atau bawah,” kata Deputi Sains, Pengkajian, dan Informasi Kedirgantaraan Lapan Thomas Djamaluddin, ketika dihubungi dari Jakarta, Sabtu.
Karena itu, ia menjelaskan, pilihan minta izin menurunkan pesawat ke ketinggian 6.000 kaki mungkin didasarkan pada pertimbangan bahwa ada sedikit celah yang terlihat di bawah, tetapi terlambat memperhitungkan risiko yang lebih fatal dengan topografi yang bergunung-gunung.
Ia menguraikan, data MTSAT menunjukkan sekitar waktu kejadian, awan di sekitar Gunung Salak memang tampak sangat rapat dengan liputan awan lebih dari 70 persen.
Analisis indeks konveksi yang bisa menggambarkan ketinggian awan juga menunjukkan indeks sekitar 30 yang bermakna adanya awan Cb (Cumulonimbus) yang menjulang tinggi sampai sekitar 37.000 kaki (11,1 kilometer).
Data satelit itu, tambahnya, memberi gambaran bahwa saat kejadian, pesawat dikepung awan tebal yang menjulang tinggi. Pada saat sebelum jatuh itu, diinformasikan pesawat turun dari ketinggian 10.000 kaki (3 kilometer) ke 6.000 kaki (1,8 kilometer), padahal tinggi gunung Salak sekitar 2,2 km.
Namun analisis ini, tegasnya, hanya berdasarkan data satelit cuaca, sekadar untuk memberi jawaban sementara berdasarkan data, bukan berdasarkan spekulasi yang tak berdasar.
“Analisis komprehensif tentang faktor lainnya tentu kita nantikan dari analisis rekamanan penerbangan oleh Komite Nasional Keselamatan Transportasi (KNKT), walau tentu saja faktor cuaca tetap tak dapat dikesampingkan,” kata Djamal.
Sementara itu, mantan Kepala Unit Pelaksana Teknis Hujan Buatan BPPT Syamsul Bahri yang ditemui mengatakan, saat berada di dalam kepungan awan seorang pilot memiliki risiko yang tinggi untuk tiba-tiba naik atau tiba-tiba turun.
“Karena itulah, setiap pilot selalu menghindari awan untuk menghindari risiko ini dengan terbang jauh di atas liputan awan. Namun mungkin si pilot belum menguasai medan yang berat ini,” kata Kepala Biro Perencanaan BPPT yang berpengalaman menerbangkan pesawat untuk layanan modifikasi cuaca itu. (Antara/ea)

sumber : www.orb.web.id

Read More

HISTORY OF THE EMERGENCE OF TOM CAT

HISTORY OF THE EMERGENCE OF TOM CAT

News of the Tomcat deployment of nearly the entire city on the island of Java, making people wonder. Why is a kind of beetle insect populations could increase sharply.

According to Prof Dr Liana Bratasida, an environmental expert staff of the Ministry of Environment said the increase in population that exceeds the normal Tomcat as it is today, one of the causes of climate change is extreme.

The extreme climate changes that make this type of beetle populations Paederus are experiencing fertility. Almost the same case as that of the caterpillar population soared before.

In every area of ​​the actual existence of an existing Tomcat. They live in the area of ​​rice fields and plantations, until the farmers are already familiar with the presence of this insect.

In fact, the famous Tomcat as a predator of planthopper pests. Well-known pest of farmers able to make a big loss.

Now, as the case of Tomcat sticking beetles as they entered the houses and apartments, as well as make a lot of people were wounded by the poison, then in fact this is due to their natural habitat has been reduced or even destroyed.

And because of these extreme weather changes take place evenly across Indonesia, it is no wonder that an increasing population of Tomcat is not only in one area alone, but spread almost all over the island of Java.

It seems that, with the change in temperature and weather extremes are more uncertain because of the destruction of nature, there will be another surge in cases of insect or other animal populations in the future. God knows what else.

Read More

Chelsea vs Barcelona (Semi Final Liga Champions 2011-2012), Leg Pertama Babak Ke-2

BARCELONA – Babak pertama, publik Camp Nou dikejutkan lewat satu gol balasan Chelsea lewat tendangan indah Ramires di penghujung laga. Sebelumnya Barcelona membuat dua gol lewat kaki Sergio Busquets dan Andres Iniesta, skor sementara 2-1 untuk Barca.

Barca yang ingin membalas kekalahan 0-1 dari Chelsea di Stamford Bridge lalu, menampilkan formasi menyerang. Sementara Chelsea, memasang lima pemain di lini tengah guna menahan alur serangan berantai Barca.

Menit ketiga Barca langsung menggebrak, peluang didapat oleh Lionel Messi. Menerima umpan dari Alexis Sanchez, Messi langsung menerobos lini pertahanan Chelsea. Sayang kali ini cungkilannya masih melebar ke sisi kiri gawang Cech.

Terjadi insiden menit ke-17 di mana Victor Valdes yang terbang ingin mengambil bola lambung, menabrak Gerard Pique dan Didier Drogba. Pique sempat mendapatkan pertolongan serius dari tim medis, beruntung kekasih Shakira itu tidak apa-apa.

Pada menit ke-19 Cech melakukan penyelamatan gemilang, ketika berhasil membendung tembakan keras Messi usai bekerjasama dengan Cesc Fabregas. Begitu juga dengan bola mentah yang masih bisa dihalau barisan belakang The Blues. Alhasil, hingga memasuki menit ke-20, skor tetap 0-0 (agregat 0-1).

Peluang emas pertama Chelsea datang dari Drogba. Melalui aksi Drogba seorang diri yang ditempel ketat oleh Pique, pencetak gol di leg pertama ini berhasil lolos dari dekapan Pique yang terjatuh. Tapi setelah itu, tendangan Drogba hanya menggetarkan jala di belakang gawang Valdes saja.

Camp Nou bergema, menit ke-35 gawang Chelsea akhirnya kebobolan lewat kaki Sergio Busquets. Gelandang jangkar ini berhasil mengkonversi sebuah gol setelah menerima umpan dari Isaac Cuenca yang berdiri bebas mengirimkan umpan dari sisi kanan pertahanan The Blues. Skor berubah menjadi 1-0 (agregat pun menjadi 1-1).

Dua menit kemudian, insiden terjadi ketika John Terry disinyalir berbuat kasar terhadap Sanchez. Alhasil wasti asal Turki, Cuneyt Cakir memberikan kartu merah kepada kapten The Blues tersebut.

Bermain timpang, akhirnya gawang Chelsea kembali bobol lewat kaki Andres Iniesta di menit ke-44, setelah menerima umpan manis dari Messi. Iniesta pun dengan mudah membuat gol ketiganya di Liga Champions musim ini. Skor berubah menjadi 2-0 untuk Barca (2-1).

Tapi, kubu Chelsea tidak tinggal diam. Melalui serangan balik, Frank Lampard mengirim umpan manis ke Ramires. Pemain bernomor 7 ini yang lolos dari jebakan offside tidak menyia-nyiakan peluang tersebut dengan men-chip bola. skor kembali berubah menjadi 2-1 untuk Barca. (Agregat 2-2).

Susunan Pemain:

Barcelona: 1. Valdes, 5. Puyol, 3. Pique (Alves 25’), 14.J. Mascherano, 4. Fabregas, 8. Iniesta, 6. Xavi, 16. Busquets, 10. L. Messi, 9. A. Sanchez, 39. Cuenca

Chelsea: 1. P. Cech, 3. A. Cole, 26. J. Terry, 24. G. Cahill (Bosingwa 12’), 2. B. Ivanovic, 8. F. Lampard, 12. J. Obi Mikel, 16. Raul Meireles, 7. Ramires, 11. D. Drogba, 10. Mata.

Read More

Descriptive Text - Borobudur Temple

Gufy Media: Descriptive Text - Borobudur Temple

Borobudur Temple

Borobudur temple is one of the most beautiful tourist resorts in Indonesia. It is situated in central Java. Borobudur temple is one of the seven wonders of the world which needs to be preserved its circumstances. The people all over the world know that Borobudur is one of the greatest art works that ever known since long time ago.
Borobudur temple was built by Syailendra Dynasty during the eighth century. It needed more than two million river stones. It is the biggest temple in the world.
After going into some restorations, Borobudur is visited by more and more tourists, both domestic and foreign tourists. Most of them admire Borobudur temple because of its beauty, its elegance and the story of the relief on its walls.
Domestic tourists usually go there by bus or private cars, while foreign tourists like to join travel bureau because they don’t need to think of the transportation, accommodation, and itinerary. There are some money changers around the location. It makes them easier to change their money. But some of them like to bring credit cards and checks.

Answer the following question based on the text above.

1. What do you know about Borobudur Temple ?
……………..………………………………………….
2. Where is it located ?
……………..………………………………………….
3. Who built Borobudur Temple ?
……………..………………………………………….
4. What do some tourists admire with Borobudur Temple ?
……………..………………………………………….
5. How do some domestic tourists and some foreign ones visit Borobudur Temple ?
……………..………………………………………….
6. Describe briefly the physical description of Borobudur Temple !
……………..…………………………………………

Sumber: http://www.gufymedia.blogspot.com

Read More

Simple future

Basic form

Subject + WILL + Verb (present form)

Quick examples

• I will clean up my room. I promise!
• The telephone is ringing. I will pick it up!
• I think it will rain.
• He will stay there for hours, doing nothing.

The Future Simple is used in many situations such as when making promises or predictions.

Use

1. Promises
2. Unplanned actions
3. Predictions based on experience or intuition
4. Habits (obstinate insistence, usually habitual)

Going to You can also use going to to express future. We use it to express predictions based on observing the present situation:

Use 1: Promises

The first use of the Future Simple to make promises.

• I promise I will buy you this toy.
• Promise you will never leave me!

Use 2: Unplanned actions

Use this tense also to talk about unplanned (spontaneous) decisions.

• Don't worry! I will help you with this problem.
• I will close the window. It's starting to rain.

Use 3: Predictions

We often use the Future Simple when making a prediction based on experience or intuition.

• It will rain in a moment.
• It will get more difficult.

Use 4: Habits

The last use of this tense is interesting: we can also use the Future Simple to express habits.

• She will bit her lip if she is thinking or if she's nervous about something.
• He will always make noise when we are sleeping.

Shall You can also use shall to express future in Future Simple. It is more formal than will, and usually appears in formal speeches, agreements or guarantees.
Examples:

• The guarantee shall be provided on the following conditions: (...)
• We shall never surrender!

Form

WILL = 'LL

• She'll dance = she will dance

WILL + NOT = WON'T

• She won't dance = she will not dance

Declarative Sentences

Subject	+	Auxiliary verb	+	Verb
e.g. I/a dog etc.		will		e.g. work/go/make

Remember Remember, you should never use will to say what somebody has already arranged or decided to do in the future:

• Correct: Mike is moving to New Jersey next month.
• Incorrect: Mike will move to New Jersey next month.

• I think he will regret his choice. (Use 3)
• I will come back at 10 p.m. (Use 1)
• If you will keep your watch half an hour slow it is hardly surprising that you are late for your appointments. (Use 4)
• John will keep dropping his towel on the floor after a bath. (Use 4)
• I will visit my grandma at hospital. (Use 1 or Use 2)
• Let's buy the snacks at the supermarket — it will be cheaper that way. (Use 3)
•  

  Questions

  Auxiliary verb	+	Subject	+	Verb
  will		e.g. I/a dog etc.		e.g. work/go/make

  Remember

  We often use "will" with:
  

  probably, most likely	I'll probably drop in on uncle.
  I think	This gift is great. I think we'll love it.
  I'm sure	It's not going to be boring there. I'm sure there will be a lot of boys at your age
  I wonder (if, what, when, etc.)	It's a bit late. I wonder if he'll come.
  I expect	I haven't seen Matthew today. I expect he'll call today.

  
  
• Will he be surprised when he sees me? (Use 3)
• Will Mark be able to do the shopping before 10 a.m.? (Use 3)
• Will there be plenty of people in church? (Use 3)
• Will you study harder? (Use 1)

Negative Sentences

Subject	+	Auxiliary verb	+	Verb
e.g. I/a dog etc.		will not		e.g. work/go/make

• I won't take any heavy equipment with me. (Use 2)
• I'm sorry I won't be able to help you with your English today. (Use 2)
• I expect that Sally will not clean up her room, unless you help her. (Use 3)

Read More

Past Perfect

Basic form

Subject + HAD + Verb (past participle form)

Quick examples

• I had written the letter before you came home.
• If she had studied hard, she would have passed the English language exam.
• I wish I had been brave enough.
• Mary looked as if she had not slept for 48 hours.

We use the Past Perfect tense to emphasize that an action in the past finished before another action in the past started. This tense is also used in reported speech, third conditional sentences, or to show dissatisfaction with the past.

Use

1. Completed action before another action in the past
2. Third conditional sentences
3. Reported speech
4. Dissatisfaction with the past

Use 1: A completed action before another action in the past

The first use of this tense is to emphasize that one action in the past happened before another action in the past.

• I had finished my homework before I went playing football.
• John had never been to London before we went there last year.

Good to know

People (especially native speakers) do not use the Past Perfect in above sentences very often. For example, they will say:

• After I washed my car, I went to fill up.

Rather than:

• After I had washed my car, I went to fill up.

This is because "after" and "before" tell the listener which action happened first. Still, keep in mind that it is better to use the Past Perfect, especially in written English or when writing exams.

Read More

Past Perfect Continuous

Basic form

Subject + HAD + BEEN + Verb (continuous form)

Quick examples

• The boys had been quarreling for half an hour when we arrived home.
• I had been dating Angelina for 3 years before we got married.
• If it hadn't been raining, we would have gone to the park.
• She told me that she had been working as a teacher for over 40 years.

Use

The Past Perfect Continuous is used to talk about actions or situations that were in progress before some other actions or situations. There are also other uses.

1. Duration of a past action up to a certain point in the past
2. Showing cause of an action or situation
3. Third conditional sentences
4. Reported speech

Use 1: Duration of a Past Action

The main use of the Past Perfect Continuous is to express actions or situations that were in progress before some other actions or situations.

• The boys had been quarreling for half an hour when we arrived home.
• I had been dating Angelina for 3 years before we got married.

Use 2: Showing Cause

Use this tense to show cause of an action or situation in the past.

• John was in a detention because he had been misbehaving.
• The road was wet because it had been raining.
• I had to go on a diet because I had been eating too much sugar.
• Jessica got sunburnt because she had been lying in the sun too long.

Use 3: Third Conditional

Remember that this tense is also used in third conditional sentences.

• If it hadn't been raining, we would have gone to the park.

Use 4: Reported Speech

This tense also appears in Reported speech.

• She said she knew Charlie had been lying to her.
  

Read More

Present Perfect Continuous tense

Basic form

Subject + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + Verb (continuous form)

Quick examples

• I have been working as a teacher for 30 years.
• What have you been doing?

The Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive) has a long and scary name. But don't worry! Read on to learn how to use it.

Use

1. Actions that started in the past and continue in the present
2. Actions that have recently stopped
3. Temporary actions and situations

Use 1: Continuation in the Present

We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and continues in the present.

• He has been painting the house for 5 hours. He's still painting it
• I have been working as a fireman since 1973. I still work as a fireman

Use 2: Past actions recently stopped

Use this tense also to talk about actions that began in the past and have recently stopped.

• I have been waiting for you for half an hour! I'm not waiting anymore because you have come
• Look at her eyes! I'm sure she has been crying. She stopped crying when she saw them

For and Since

Since and for are very common time expressions used with the Present Perfect Continuous.
We use for with a period of time, for example:

• I have been living here for 20 years.

When talking about a starting point, we use since, for example:

• I have been living here since 1960.

Learn more

Read More

Simple Past Continuous tense

Basic form

Subject + WAS/WERE + Verb (continuous form)

Quick examples

• The boys had been quarreling for half an hour when we arrived home.
• I had been dating Angelina for 3 years before we got married.
• If it hadn't been raining, we would have gone to the park.
• She told me that she had been working as a teacher for over 40 years.

We usually use the Past Continuous to talk about activities that lasted for some time in the past. The actions can be interruped by something or can be happening at the same time.

Use

1. Duration in the past
2. Interrupted actions in progress
3. Actions in progress at the same time in the past
4. Irritation
5. Polite question

USE 1: Duration in the past

We use the Past Continuous to talk about actions or situations that lasted for some time in the past, and whose duration time is unknown or unimportant.

• I was watching TV yesterday in the evening.
• She was sleeping on the couch.
• The dog was barking.

USE 2: Interrupted actions in progress

The Past Continuous is often used when one action in progress is interruped by another action in the past. We usually use when or while to link these two sentences.

1. Sentence in Past Continuous	+	WHEN	+	Sentence in Past Simple
   e.g. I was singing				e.g. my wife came home

2. WHEN/WHILE	+	Sentence in Past Continuous	+	Sentence in Past Simple
   		e.g. I was singing		e.g. my wife came home

• I was talking with James when the telephone rang.
• While Angelica was playing tennis, the plane crashed .
• When Bob was painting windows, it started raining.

Read More

Simple Present Perfect tense

The present perfect simple tense is used to talk about a past time, which has very strong meaning for the present.
For example:
Q) Where's Jane?
A) She has gone out. She should be back in an hour.
We form the present perfect simple by using the auxilliary verb have/has and the -ed form of the regular verb (the past participle) irregular verb forms have to be learned:

Statements +	Statements -	Questions	Short answer +	Short answer -
I've worked.	I haven't worked.	Have I worked?	Yes, I have.	No, I haven't.
He's worked.	He hasn't worked.	Has he worked?	Yes, he has.	No, he hasn't.
She's worked.	She hasn't worked.	Has she worked?	Yes, she has.	No, she hasn't.
It's worked.	It hasn't worked.	Has it worked?	Yes, it has.	No, it hasn't.
You've worked.	You haven't worked.	Have you worked?	Yes you have.	No, you haven't.
We've worked.	We haven't worked.	Have we worked?	Yes we have.	No, we haven't.
They've worked.	They haven't worked.	Have they worked?	Yes they have.	No, they haven't.

The present perfect simple is used to discuss events that have just been completed at the moment of speaking.
For example:
Q) Have you done your homework?"
A) "Yes, I've just finished it."
It is often used to suggest that a past action still has an effect upon something happening in the present.
For example:
"The pound has fallen against the dollar."
It is also used to discuss unfinished time.
For example:
Q) Have you done your homework today?
A) No, I haven't done it yet.
Note - You are talking about today and today isn't finished, so you may do your homework later!
Q) Have you ever been to England?"
A) "Yes I have."
Note - You are talking about something that has happened in your life and your life isn't finished!
You can also use the present perfect to discuss something from the past but you don't want to say exactly when.
For example:
Q) "Are you learning any languages?"
A) "Yes, I've begun to learn English."
This tense is often used to discuss events that have been happening over a period of time, but aren't finished yet.
For example:
Q) "How long have you studied English for?"
A) "I've studied English for 2 years now."
However it is better (grammatically speaking) to use the Present Perfect Continuous to express yourself in this way.
For example:
Q) "How long have you been studying English for?" A) "I've been studying English for 2 years now."

Read More

Present Continuous Tense

Formula:

subject

+

is, am, are

+

kata kerja + ing

Perhatikan contoh berikut ini:

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I	am		talking	to you.
+	You	are		reading	this book.
-	She	is	not	staying	in Medan.
-	We	are	not	playing	softball.
?	Is	he		watching	TV?
?	Are	they		waiting	for Alex?

Tense ini dipakai untuk menjelaskan tentang:

• Kejadian yang sedang terjadi sekarang, atau
• Kejadian yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang

Perhatikan contoh-contoh kalimat berikut untuk menjelaskan kejadian yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang

• We‘re eating in a luxury restaurant tonight. We’ve already booked the table.
• They can play golf with you tomorrow. They‘re not working.

Read More

Future Perfect Tense

Rumus:

subject

+

WILL

+

HAVE

+

Kata Kerja Bentuk ke 3

Contoh:

	subject	auxiliary verb		auxiliary verb	main verb
+	I	will		have	finished	by 10am.
+	You	will		have	forgotten	me by then.
-	She	will	not	have	gone	to school.
-	We	will	not	have	left.
?	Will	you		have	arrived?
?	Will	they		have	received	it?

Kapan Kita Menggunakan Future Perfect Tense?
Tense ini kita pakai untuk menggambarkan suatu kegiatan yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang sebelum kegiatan lain terjadi. Contoh:
The train will leave the station at 9am. You will arrive at the station at 9.15am. When you arrive, the train will have left.
Contoh:

• You can call me at work at 8am. I will have arrived at the office by 8.
• They will be tired when they arrive. They will not have slept for a long time.
• “Mary won’t be at home when you arrive.”
• “Really? Where will she have gone?”

Read More

Simple Past Tense

Rumus Kalimat Positif:

subject

+

Kata Kerja Bentuk ke - 2

Rumus Kalimat Negatif :

subject

+

did

+

not

+

Kata Kerja Bentuk ke - 1

Rumus Kalimat Tanya:

Did

+

subject

+

Kata Kerja Bentuk ke - 1

Perhatikan contoh berikut ini:

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I			went	to school.
	You			worked	very hard.
-	She	did	not	go	with me.
	We	did	not	work	yesterday.
?	Did	you		go	to London?
	Did	they		work	at home?

Pengecualian: Ketika Predikat suatu kalimat bukan kata kerja, maka pengganti kata kerja tersebut adalah was (I, she, he, it) dan were (we, you, they). Contoh:

	subject	main verb
+	I, he/she/it	was		here.
	You, we, they	were		in London.
-	I, he/she/it	was	not	there.
	You, we, they	were	not	happy.
?	Was	I, he/she/it		right?
	Were	you, we, they		late?

Kapan kita memakai Simple Past Tense?
Kita memakai Tense ini untuk membicarakan tentang satu perbuatan yang terjadi di masa lampau.
Perhatikan contoh-contoh kalimat berikut:

• The car exploded at 7 pm yesterday.
• She went to the mall with my father last week.
• Barbara was here 5 minutes ago

Read More

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

The simple present tense in English is used to describe an action that is regular, true or normal.
We use the present tense:
1. For repeated or regular actions in the present time period.

• I take the train to the office.
• The train to Berlin leaves every hour.
• John sleeps eight hours every night during the week.

2. For facts.

• The President of The USA lives in The White House.
• A dog has four legs.
• We come from Switzerland.

3. For habits.

• I get up early every day.
• Carol brushes her teeth twice a day.
• They travel to their country house every weekend.

4. For things that are always / generally true.

• It rains a lot in winter.
• The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.
• They speak English at work.

Verb Conjugation & Spelling

We form the present tense using the base form of the infinitive (without the TO).
In general, in the third person we add 'S' in the third person.

Subject	Verb	The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / they	speak / learn	English at home
he / she / it	speaks / learns	English at home

The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that verb:
1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person.

• go – goes
• catch – catches
• wash – washes
• kiss – kisses
• fix – fixes
• buzz – buzzes

2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.

• marry – marries
• study – studies
• carry – carries
• worry – worries

NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.

• play – plays
• enjoy – enjoys
• say – says

Negative Sentences in the Simple Present Tense

To make a negative sentence in English we normally use Don't or Doesn't with all verbs EXCEPT To Be and Modal verbs (can, might, should etc.).

• Affirmative: You speak French.
  Negative: You don't speak French.

You will see that we add don't between the subject and the verb. We use Don't when the subject is I, you, we or they.

• Affirmative: He speaks German.
  Negative: He doesn't speak German.

When the subject is he, she or it, we add doesn't between the subject and the verb to make a negative sentence. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the negative sentence. We will see the reason why below.

Negative Contractions

Don't = Do notDoesn't = Does not
I don't like meat = I do not like meat.
There is no difference in meaning though we normally use contractions in spoken English.

Word Order of Negative Sentences

The following is the word order to construct a basic negative sentence in English in the Present Tense using Don't or Doesn't.

Subject	don't/doesn't	Verb*	The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / they	don't	have / buy eat / like etc.	cereal for breakfast
he / she / it	doesn't

* Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.
Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.
Examples of Negative Sentences with Don't and Doesn't:

• You don't speak Arabic.
• John doesn't speak Italian.
• We don't have time for a rest.
• It doesn't move.
• They don't want to go to the party.
• She doesn't like fish.

Questions in the Simple Present Tense

To make a question in English we normally use Do or Does. It has no translation in Spanish though it is essential to show we are making a question. It is normally put at the beginning of the question.

• Affirmative: You speak English.
  Question: Do you speak English?

You will see that we add DO at the beginning of the affirmative sentence to make it a question. We use Do when the subject is I, you, we or they.

• Affirmative: He speaks French.
  Question: Does he speak French?

When the subject is he, she or it, we add DOES at the beginning to make the affirmative sentence a question. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the question. We will see the reason why below.
We DON'T use Do or Does in questions that have the verb To Be or Modal Verbs (can, must, might, should etc.)

Word Order of Questions with Do and Does

The following is the word order to construct a basic question in English using Do or Does.

Do/Does	Subject	Verb*	The Rest of the sentence
Do	I / you / we / they	have / need want etc.	a new bike?
Does	he / she / it

*Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.
Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.
Examples of Questions with Do and Does:

• Do you need a dictionary?
• Does Mary need a dictionary?
• Do we have a meeting now?
• Does it rain a lot in winter?
• Do they want to go to the party?
• Does he like pizza?

Short Answers with Do and Does

In questions that use do/does it is possible to give short answers to direct questions as follows:

Sample Questions	Short Answer (Affirmative)	Short Answer (Negative)
Do you like chocolate?	Yes, I do.	No, I don't.
Do I need a pencil?	Yes, you do.	No, you don't.
Do you both like chocolate?	Yes, we do.	No, we don't.
Do they like chocolate?	Yes, they do.	No, they don't.
Does he like chocolate?	Yes, he does.	No, he doesn't.
Does she like chocolate?	Yes, she does.	No, she doesn't.
Does it have four wheels?	Yes, it does.	No, it doesn't.

However, if a question word such as who, when, where, why, which or how is used in the question, you can not use the short answers above to respond to the question.
To Practice these rules try our interactive game at: Simple Present Tense or Have - Has - Go - Goes
You might also want to check out the conjugation rules for Have Has Go Goes

Read More

The history of rubik's cube

The Cube

Rubik's initial attraction to inventing the Cube was not in producing the best selling toy puzzle in history. The structural design problem interested Rubik; he asked, "How could the blocks move independently without falling apart?" In Rubik's Cube, twenty-six individual little cubes or cubies make up the big Cube. Each layer of nine cubies can twist and the layers can overlap. Any three squares in a row, except diagonally, can join a new layer. Rubik's initial attempt to use elastic bands failed, his solution was to have the blocks hold themselves together by their shape. Rubik hand carved and assembled the little cubies together. He marked each side of the big Cube with adhesive paper of a different color, and started twisting.
 

 An Inventor Dreams

"It was wonderful, to see how, after only a few turns, the colors became mixed, apparently in random fashion. It was tremendously satisfying to watch this color parade. Like after a nice walk when you have seen many lovely sights you decide to go home, after a while I decided it was time to go home, let us put the cubes back in order. And it was at that moment that I came face to face with the Big Challenge: What is the way home?" - Erno Rubik

That was how the Cube as a puzzle, was invented in the spring of 1974, when the twenty-nine year old Rubik discovered it was not so easy to realign the colors to match on all six sides. He was not sure he would ever be able to return his invention to its original position. He theorized that by randomly twisting the Cube he would never be able to fix it in a lifetime, which later turns out to be more than correct. He began working out a solution, starting with aligning the eight corner cubies. He discovered certain sequences of moves for rearranging just a few cubies at a time. Within a month, he had the puzzle solved and an amazing journey lay ahead..

First Patent

Rubik applied for his Hungarian patent in January 1975 and left his invention with a small toy making cooperative in Budapest. The patent approval finally came in early 1977 and the first Cubes appeared at the end of 1977. By this time, Erno Rubik was married.

Two other people applied for similar patents at about the same time as Rubik. Terutoshi Ishige applied a year after Rubik, for a Japanese patent on a very similar cube. An American, Larry Nichols, patented a cube before Rubik, held together with magnets. Nichols' toy was rejected by all toy companies, including the Ideal Toy Corporation, which later bought the rights to Rubik's Cube.Sales of the Rubik's Cube were sluggish until Hungarian businessman Tibor Laczi discovered the Cube. While having a coffee, he spied a waiter playing with the toy. Laczi an amateur mathematician was impressed. The next day he went to the state trading company, Konsumex, and asked permission to sell the Cube in the West.

Read More