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 Future Perfect Tense

05.51 | Label: Future Perfect Tense, Grammar

Rumus:

subject

+

WILL

+

HAVE

+

Kata Kerja Bentuk ke 3

Contoh:

	subject	auxiliary verb		auxiliary verb	main verb
+	I	will		have	finished	by 10am.
+	You	will		have	forgotten	me by then.
-	She	will	not	have	gone	to school.
-	We	will	not	have	left.
?	Will	you		have	arrived?
?	Will	they		have	received	it?

Kapan Kita Menggunakan Future Perfect Tense?
Tense ini kita pakai untuk menggambarkan suatu kegiatan yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang sebelum kegiatan lain terjadi. Contoh:
The train will leave the station at 9am. You will arrive at the station at 9.15am. When you arrive, the train will have left.
Contoh:

• You can call me at work at 8am. I will have arrived at the office by 8.
• They will be tired when they arrive. They will not have slept for a long time.
• “Mary won’t be at home when you arrive.”
• “Really? Where will she have gone?”
  

  Past Perfect

  19.13 | Label: Grammar, Simple past perfect
  Basic form

  Subject + HAD + Verb (past participle form)

  Quick examples

  • I had written the letter before you came home.
  • If she had studied hard, she would have passed the English language exam.
  • I wish I had been brave enough.
  • Mary looked as if she had not slept for 48 hours.
  We use the Past Perfect tense to emphasize that an action in the past finished before another action in the past started. This tense is also used in reported speech, third conditional sentences, or to show dissatisfaction with the past.
  

  Use

• Completed action before another action in the past
• Third conditional sentences
• Reported speech
• Dissatisfaction with the past

Use 1: A completed action before another action in the past

The first use of this tense is to emphasize that one action in the past happened before another action in the past.

• I had finished my homework before I went playing football.
• John had never been to London before we went there last year.

Good to know People (especially native speakers) do not use the Past Perfect in above sentences very often. For example, they will say:

• After I washed my car, I went to fill up.

Rather than:

• After I had washed my car, I went to fill up.

This is because "after" and "before" tell the listener which action happened first. Still, keep in mind that it is better to use the Past Perfect, especially in written English or when writing exams. 

Past Perfect Continuous

19.09 | Label: Grammar, Simple past perfect continuous

Basic form

Subject + HAD + BEEN + Verb (continuous form)

Quick examples

• The boys had been quarreling for half an hour when we arrived home.
• I had been dating Angelina for 3 years before we got married.
• If it hadn't been raining, we would have gone to the park.
• She told me that she had been working as a teacher for over 40 years.

Use

The Past Perfect Continuous is used to talk about actions or situations that were in progress before some other actions or situations. There are also other uses.

1. Duration of a past action up to a certain point in the past
2. Showing cause of an action or situation
3. Third conditional sentences
4. Reported speech

Use 1: Duration of a Past Action

The main use of the Past Perfect Continuous is to express actions or situations that were in progress before some other actions or situations.

• The boys had been quarreling for half an hour when we arrived home.
• I had been dating Angelina for 3 years before we got married.

Use 2: Showing Cause

Use this tense to show cause of an action or situation in the past.

• John was in a detention because he had been misbehaving.
• The road was wet because it had been raining.
• I had to go on a diet because I had been eating too much sugar.
• Jessica got sunburnt because she had been lying in the sun too long.

Use 3: Third Conditional

Remember that this tense is also used in third conditional sentences.

• If it hadn't been raining, we would have gone to the park.

Use 4: Reported Speech

This tense also appears in Reported speech.
She said she knew Charlie had been lying to her. 

Simple Past Continuous tense

18.42 | Label: Grammar, simple past continuous tense

Basic form

Subject + WAS/WERE + Verb (continuous form)

Quick examples

• The boys had been quarreling for half an hour when we arrived home.
• I had been dating Angelina for 3 years before we got married.
• If it hadn't been raining, we would have gone to the park.
• She told me that she had been working as a teacher for over 40 years.

We usually use the Past Continuous to talk about activities that lasted for some time in the past. The actions can be interruped by something or can be happening at the same time.

Use

1. Duration in the past
2. Interrupted actions in progress
3. Actions in progress at the same time in the past
4. Irritation
5. Polite question

USE 1: Duration in the past

We use the Past Continuous to talk about actions or situations that lasted for some time in the past, and whose duration time is unknown or unimportant.

• I was watching TV yesterday in the evening.
• She was sleeping on the couch.
• The dog was barking.

USE 2: Interrupted actions in progress

The Past Continuous is often used when one action in progress is interruped by another action in the past. We usually use when or while to link these two sentences.

1. Sentence in Past Continuous	+	WHEN	+	Sentence in Past Simple
   e.g. I was singing				e.g. my wife came home

2. WHEN/WHILE	+	Sentence in Past Continuous	+	Sentence in Past Simple
   		e.g. I was singing		e.g. my wife came home

• I was talking with James when the telephone rang.
• While Angelica was playing tennis, the plane crashed .
• When Bob was painting windows, it started raining. 
  

  Simple Present Perfect tense

  18.36 | Label: Grammar, Simple Present Perfect Tense
  The present perfect simple tense is used to talk about a past time, which has very strong meaning for the present.
  For example:
  Q) Where's Jane?
  A) She has gone out. She should be back in an hour.
  We form the present perfect simple by using the auxilliary verb have/has and the -ed form of the regular verb (the past participle) irregular verb forms have to be learned:
  
  

  Statements +	Statements -	Questions	Short answer +	Short answer -
  I've worked.	I haven't worked.	Have I worked?	Yes, I have.	No, I haven't.
  He's worked.	He hasn't worked.	Has he worked?	Yes, he has.	No, he hasn't.
  She's worked.	She hasn't worked.	Has she worked?	Yes, she has.	No, she hasn't.
  It's worked.	It hasn't worked.	Has it worked?	Yes, it has.	No, it hasn't.
  You've worked.	You haven't worked.	Have you worked?	Yes you have.	No, you haven't.
  We've worked.	We haven't worked.	Have we worked?	Yes we have.	No, we haven't.
  They've worked.	They haven't worked.	Have they worked?	Yes they have.	No, they haven't.

  The present perfect simple is used to discuss events that have just been completed at the moment of speaking.
  For example:
  Q) Have you done your homework?"
  A) "Yes, I've just finished it."
  It is often used to suggest that a past action still has an effect upon something happening in the present.
  For example:
  "The pound has fallen against the dollar."
  It is also used to discuss unfinished time.
  For example:
  Q) Have you done your homework today?
  A) No, I haven't done it yet.
  Note - You are talking about today and today isn't finished, so you may do your homework later!
  Q) Have you ever been to England?"
  A) "Yes I have."
  Note - You are talking about something that has happened in your life and your life isn't finished!
  You can also use the present perfect to discuss something from the past but you don't want to say exactly when.
  For example:
  Q) "Are you learning any languages?"
  A) "Yes, I've begun to learn English."
  This tense is often used to discuss events that have been happening over a period of time, but aren't finished yet.
  For example:
  Q) "How long have you studied English for?"
  A) "I've studied English for 2 years now."
  However it is better (grammatically speaking) to use the Present Perfect Continuous to express yourself in this way.
  For example:
  Q) "How long have you been studying English for?" A) "I've been studying English for 2 years now."
  

  Present Continuous Tense

  05.55 | Label: Grammar, Simple Present Continuous Tense
  Formula:
  
  

  subject

  +

  is, am, are

  +

  kata kerja + ing

  Perhatikan contoh berikut ini:
  

  	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
  +	I	am		talking	to you.
  +	You	are		reading	this book.
  -	She	is	not	staying	in Medan.
  -	We	are	not	playing	softball.
  ?	Is	he		watching	TV?
  ?	Are	they		waiting	for Alex?

  Tense ini dipakai untuk menjelaskan tentang:
  
• Kejadian yang sedang terjadi sekarang, atau
• Kejadian yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang

Perhatikan contoh-contoh kalimat berikut untuk menjelaskan kejadian yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang

• We‘re eating in a luxury restaurant tonight. We’ve already booked the table.
• They can play golf with you tomorrow. They‘re not working.

Future Perfect Tense

05.51 | Label: Future Perfect Tense, Grammar

Rumus:

subject

+

WILL

+

HAVE

+

Kata Kerja Bentuk ke 3

Contoh:

	subject	auxiliary verb		auxiliary verb	main verb
+	I	will		have	finished	by 10am.
+	You	will		have	forgotten	me by then.
-	She	will	not	have	gone	to school.
-	We	will	not	have	left.
?	Will	you		have	arrived?
?	Will	they		have	received	it?

Kapan Kita Menggunakan Future Perfect Tense?
Tense ini kita pakai untuk menggambarkan suatu kegiatan yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang sebelum kegiatan lain terjadi. Contoh:
The train will leave the station at 9am. You will arrive at the station at 9.15am. When you arrive, the train will have left.
Contoh:

• You can call me at work at 8am. I will have arrived at the office by 8.
• They will be tired when they arrive. They will not have slept for a long time.
• “Mary won’t be at home when you arrive.”
• “Really? Where will she have gone?”
  

  Simple Past Tense

  05.46 | Label: Grammar, Simple Past Tense
  Rumus Kalimat Positif:
  
  

  subject

  +

  Kata Kerja Bentuk ke - 2

  Rumus Kalimat Negatif :
  

  subject

  +

  did

  +

  not

  +

  Kata Kerja Bentuk ke - 1

  Rumus Kalimat Tanya:
  

  Did

  +

  subject

  +

  Kata Kerja Bentuk ke - 1

  Perhatikan contoh berikut ini:
  

  	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
  +	I			went	to school.
  	You			worked	very hard.
  -	She	did	not	go	with me.
  	We	did	not	work	yesterday.
  ?	Did	you		go	to London?
  	Did	they		work	at home?

  Pengecualian: Ketika Predikat suatu kalimat bukan kata kerja, maka pengganti kata kerja tersebut adalah was (I, she, he, it) dan were (we, you, they). Contoh:
  

  	subject	main verb
  +	I, he/she/it	was		here.
  	You, we, they	were		in London.
  -	I, he/she/it	was	not	there.
  	You, we, they	were	not	happy.
  ?	Was	I, he/she/it		right?
  	Were	you, we, they		late?

  Kapan kita memakai Simple Past Tense?
  Kita memakai Tense ini untuk membicarakan tentang satu perbuatan yang terjadi di masa lampau.
  Perhatikan contoh-contoh kalimat berikut:
  
• The car exploded at 7 pm yesterday.
• She went to the mall with my father last week.
• Barbara was here 5 minutes ago

  SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

  05.15 | Label: Grammar, Simple Present Tense
  The simple present tense in English is used to describe an action that is regular, true or normal.
  We use the present tense:
  1. For repeated or regular actions in the present time period.
  
• I take the train to the office.
• The train to Berlin leaves every hour.
• John sleeps eight hours every night during the week.

2. For facts.

• The President of The USA lives in The White House.
• A dog has four legs.
• We come from Switzerland.

3. For habits.

• I get up early every day.
• Carol brushes her teeth twice a day.
• They travel to their country house every weekend.

4. For things that are always / generally true.

• It rains a lot in winter.
• The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.
• They speak English at work.

Verb Conjugation & Spelling

We form the present tense using the base form of the infinitive (without the TO).
In general, in the third person we add 'S' in the third person.

Subject	Verb	The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / they	speak / learn	English at home
he / she / it	speaks / learns	English at home

The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that verb:
1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person.

• go – goes
• catch – catches
• wash – washes
• kiss – kisses
• fix – fixes
• buzz – buzzes

2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.

• marry – marries
• study – studies
• carry – carries
• worry – worries

NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.

• play – plays
• enjoy – enjoys
• say – says

Negative Sentences in the Simple Present Tense

To make a negative sentence in English we normally use Don't or Doesn't with all verbs EXCEPT To Be and Modal verbs (can, might, should etc.).

• Affirmative: You speak French.
  Negative: You don't speak French.

You will see that we add don't between the subject and the verb. We use Don't when the subject is I, you, we or they.

• Affirmative: He speaks German.
  Negative: He doesn't speak German.

When the subject is he, she or it, we add doesn't between the subject and the verb to make a negative sentence. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the negative sentence. We will see the reason why below.

Negative Contractions

Don't = Do notDoesn't = Does not
I don't like meat = I do not like meat.
There is no difference in meaning though we normally use contractions in spoken English.

Word Order of Negative Sentences

The following is the word order to construct a basic negative sentence in English in the Present Tense using Don't or Doesn't.

Subject	don't/doesn't	Verb*	The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / they	don't	have / buy eat / like etc.	cereal for breakfast
he / she / it	doesn't

* Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.
Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.
Examples of Negative Sentences with Don't and Doesn't:

• You don't speak Arabic.
• John doesn't speak Italian.
• We don't have time for a rest.
• It doesn't move.
• They don't want to go to the party.
• She doesn't like fish.

Questions in the Simple Present Tense

To make a question in English we normally use Do or Does. It has no translation in Spanish though it is essential to show we are making a question. It is normally put at the beginning of the question.

• Affirmative: You speak English.
  Question: Do you speak English?

You will see that we add DO at the beginning of the affirmative sentence to make it a question. We use Do when the subject is I, you, we or they.

• Affirmative: He speaks French.
  Question: Does he speak French?

When the subject is he, she or it, we add DOES at the beginning to make the affirmative sentence a question. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the question. We will see the reason why below.
We DON'T use Do or Does in questions that have the verb To Be or Modal Verbs (can, must, might, should etc.)

Word Order of Questions with Do and Does

The following is the word order to construct a basic question in English using Do or Does.

Do/Does	Subject	Verb*	The Rest of the sentence
Do	I / you / we / they	have / need want etc.	a new bike?
Does	he / she / it

*Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.
Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.
Examples of Questions with Do and Does:

• Do you need a dictionary?
• Does Mary need a dictionary?
• Do we have a meeting now?
• Does it rain a lot in winter?
• Do they want to go to the party?
• Does he like pizza?

Short Answers with Do and Does

In questions that use do/does it is possible to give short answers to direct questions as follows:

Sample Questions	Short Answer (Affirmative)	Short Answer (Negative)
Do you like chocolate?	Yes, I do.	No, I don't.
Do I need a pencil?	Yes, you do.	No, you don't.
Do you both like chocolate?	Yes, we do.	No, we don't.
Do they like chocolate?	Yes, they do.	No, they don't.
Does he like chocolate?	Yes, he does.	No, he doesn't.
Does she like chocolate?	Yes, she does.	No, she doesn't.
Does it have four wheels?	Yes, it does.	No, it doesn't.

However, if a question word such as who, when, where, why, which or how is used in the question, you can not use the short answers above to respond to the question.
To Practice these rules try our interactive game at: Simple Present Tense or Have - Has - Go - Goes
You might also want to check out the conjugation rules for Have Has Go Goes