Globalisasi Dan Dampaknya

Globalisasi Dan Dampaknya

Globalisasi atau penyejagatan adalah sebuah istilah yang memiliki hubungan dengan peningkatan keterkaitan dan ketergantungan antar bangsa dan antar manusia di seluruh dunia melalui perdagangan, investasi, perjalanan, budaya populer, dan bentuk-bentuk interaksi yang lain sehingga batas-batas suatu negara menjadi semakin sempit.

Apa saja dampak dari globalisasi ?

1. Globalisasi bidang hukum, pertahanan, dan keamanan

Dampak positif globalisasi bidang hukum, pertahanan, dan 

keamanan :

•    Semakin menguatnya supremasi hukum, demokratisasi, dan tuntutan terhadap dilaksanakannya hak-hak asasi manusia.

•    Menguatnya regulasi hukum dan pembuatan peraturan perundang-undangan yang memihak dan bermanfaat untuk kepentingan rakyat banyak.

•    Semakin menguatnya tuntutan terhadap tugas-tugas penegak hukum yang lebih profesional, transparan, dan akuntabel.

•    Menguatnya supremasi sipil dengan mendudukkan tentara dan polisi sebatas penjaga keamanan, kedaulatan, dan ketertiban negara yang profesional.

Dampak negatif globalisasi bidang hukum, pertahanan, dan keamanan :

•    Peran masyarakat dalam menjaga keamanan, kedaulatan, dan ketertiban negara semakin berkurang karena hal tersebut sudah menjadi tanggung jawab pihak tentara dan polisi.

•    Perubahan dunia yang cepat, mampu mempengaruhi pola pikir masyarakat secara global. Masyarakat sering kali mengajukan tuntutan kepada pemerintah dan jika tidak dipenuhi, masyarakat cenderung bertindak anarkis sehingga dapat mengganggu stabilitas nasional, ketahanan nasional bahkan persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa.

2. Globalisasi bidang sosial budaya

Dampak positif globalisasi bidang sosial budaya :

•    Meningkatkan pemelajaran mengenai tata nilai sosial budaya, cara hidup, pola pikir yang baik, maupun ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi dari bangsa lain yang telah maju.

•    Meningkatkan etos kerja yang tinggi, suka bekerja keras, disiplin, mempunyai jiwa kemandirian, rasional, sportif, dan lain sebagtainya.

Dampak negatif globalisasi bidang sosial budaya :

•    Semakin mudahnya nilai-nilai barat masuk ke Indonesia baik melalui internet, media televisi, maupun media cetak yang banyak ditiru oleh masyarakat.

•    Semaikin memudarnya apresiasi terhadap nilai-nilai budaya lokal yang melahirkan gaya hidup berikut ini.

Individualisme : mengutamakan kepentingan diri sendiri

Pragmatisme : melakukan suatu kegiatan yang menguntungkan saja

Hedonisme : Paham yang mengutamakan kepentingan keduniawian semata

Primitif : sesuatu yang sebelumnya dianggap tabu, kemudian dianggap sebagai sesuatu yang biasa/ wajar

Konsumerisme : pola konsumsi yang sudah melebihi batas

•    Semakin lunturnya semangat gotong-royong, solidaritas, kepedulian, dan kesetiakawanan sosial sehingga dalam keadaan tertentu/ darurat, misalnya sakit,kecelakaan, atau musibah hanya ditangani oleh segelintir orang

3. Globalisasi bidang ekonomi sektor perdagangan

Dampak positif globalisasi bidang ekonomi sektor perdagangan :

•    Liberalisasi perdagangan barang, jasa layanan, dan komodit lain memberi peluang kepada Indonesia untuk ikut bersaing mereput pasar perdagangan luar negeri, terutama hasil pertanian, hasil laut, tekstil, dan bahan tambang.

•    Di bidang jasa kita mempunyai peluang menarik wisatawan mancanegara untuk menikmati keindahan alam dan budaya tradisional yang beraneka ragam.

Dampak negatif globalisasi bidang ekonomi sektor perdagangan :

•    Arus masuk perdagangan luar negeri menyebakan defisit perdagangan nasional.

•    Maraknya penyelundupan barang ke Indonesia.

•    Masuknya wisatawan ke Indonesia melunturkan nilai luhur bangsa.

4. Globalisasi bidang ekonomi sektor produksi

Dampak positif globalisasi bidang ekonomi sektor produksi :

•    Adanya kecenderungan perusahaan asing memindahkan operasi produksi perusahaannya ke negara-negara berkembang dengan pertimbangan keuntungan geografis (melimpahnya bahan baku, areal yang luas, dan tenaga kerja yang masih murah) meskipun masih sangat terbatas dan rentan terhadap perubahan-perubahan kondisi sosial-politik dalam negeri ataupun perubahan-perubahan global, Indonesia memiliki peluang untuk dipilih menjadi tempat baru bagi perusahaan tersebut.

Dampak negatif globalisasi bidang ekonomi sektor produksi :

•    Perusahaan dalam negeri lebih tertarik bermitra dengan perusahaan dari luar. Akibatnya kondisi industridalam negeri sulit berkembang.

•    Terjadi kerusakan lingkungan dan polusi limbah industri.

•    Suatu perusahaan asing memindahkan usahanya keluar negeri mengakibatkan PHK tenaga kerja dalam negeri.

Kesimpulan

   

Globalisasi yang sedang berlangsung mempengaruhi sektor-sektor penting dalam kehidupan baik secara hukum, sosial budaya, atau ekonomi. Karena itu diperlukan sikap yang tepat untuk dapat menerima globalisasi yang sedang berlangsung di seluruh dunia ini.

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The King Of Fighters

The King of Fighters is a 2010 science fiction-martial arts film loosely based on SNK Playmore's The King of Fighters series of fighting games. It stars Sean Faris as Kyo Kusanagi, Maggie Q as Mai Shiranui, Will Yun Lee as Iori Yagami, and Ray Park as Rugal Bernstein. At a museum in Boston, Rugal Bernstein steals three relics: The Kagura Mirror, the Yagami Necklace and the Kusanagi Sword. He uses them to disappear into a dimensional portal to awaken the mythical entity known as the Orochi, which would grant him limitless powers. However, the sword is revealed to be a fake - thus, Rugal's quest is delayed. Mai Shiranui is told by an injured Chizuru Kagura that the whereabouts of the real sword are with Saisyu Kusanagi, who is housed at a mental institution. She is also warned that she alone must defeat Rugal and her boyfriend Iori Yagami should not be involved. At the institution, Mai meets a catatonic Saisyu and his son Kyo, but Iori's presence suddenly breaks Saisyu's catatonic state, and the elder Kusanagi threatens to kill Iori before losing consciousness and dying.

Meanwhile, at another hospital where Chizuru is recovering from her injury, she is informed by her colleague Scott that Rugal has altered the King of Fighters database and issued challenges to all fighters around the world. CIA agent Terry Bogard enters Chizuru's room, demanding for information on Rugal's whereabouts and the tournament. She tells him of the different dimensions that exist, but he does not believe a word. Chizuru then tells Terry to go to Seattle and ask Mai, who is actually an undercover operative sent by the CIA to infiltrate Chizuru's organization a year ago.

At a cemetery in Seattle, where Saisyu is buried, Kyo and Iori confront each other once again. Iori explains that both Kusanagi and Yagami clans were destined to be enemies. Mai hitches a ride with Kyo to his home, where she explains to him that she is looking for the Kusanagi Sword. Kyo tells her that centuries ago, according to family folklore, a Yagami ancestor attempted to release the Orochi, but it consumed him with murderous rage. Kyo's ancestor killed the Yagami and returned the Orochi into its world. Mai tells Kyo that Rugal is out to unleash the Orochi once again. Kyo, meanwhile, wants to confront Rugal, who destroyed his father's mental state.

At a hotel, Mai and Kyo meet up with Iori and Terry. It is revealed that Rugal is using the tournament dimension to merge it with the real world. After Mai blows her cover in front of Kyo, Iori puts on his Bluetooth headset and enters the tournament dimension to confront Rugal. There, he defeats Rugal's servants Mature and Vice in combat, only to have his mind consumed by the Orochi.

The next day, Kyo is lured into the tournament dimension, where he first fights Rugal and loses, but is allowed to live as a warning. This prompts him to bring out his ancestral sword and join Chizuru and Terry into the tournament after Mai is dragged in by Rugal. When the four meet up, they are separated into different dimensions, with Kyo fighting Rugal and Mai and Terry facing Mature and Vice. In the middle of a sword fight, Rugal is about to decapitate Kyo when Iori suddenly appears and intervenes. Here, Rugal reveals to Kyo that several years back, he battled Saisyu, Chizuru and Iori over control of the Orochi. During that fight, Iori allowed the Orochi to take over his body, defeating Rugal, but also destroying Saisyu's mental state by bashing his head against a wooden barrier several times. This leads to a fight between Kyo and Iori. Kyo slashes Iori in the back, releasing the Orochi from his body.

Disappointed by the outcome of the fight, Rugal sends Kyo, Iori and Mai into another dimension to face them with his full potential. Chizuru and her multiple clones appear, revealing that she has found the mirror and the necklace. The heroes fail in their first attempt to combine the relics and trap Rugal, with Chizuru mortally wounded. Mai takes her place as the mirror holder, but as she, Kyo and Iori corner Rugal, they are once again overcome by his powers. Rugal destroys Kyo's sword, but as he is about to finish him off with a fireball, Kyo magically generates a new sword to block it. He then throws the sword and destroys Rugal.

Back in the real world, Scott places a lantern on the ocean in memory of Chizuru. Kyo decides to keep the family tradition by continuing with the tournament. He reflects on his late father's teachings while Iori stares at him from the other side of the pier.

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History of the World

Homo sapiens first arose on the Earth between 400 and 250 thousand years ago during the Paleolithic period. This occurred after a long period of evolution. Ancestors of humans had been using simple tools for many millennia, but as time progressed tools became far more refined and complex. At some point humans had begun using fire for heat and for cooking. Humans also developed language sometime during the Paleolithic. During this period all humans lived as hunter-gatherers who were generally nomadic.

Neolithic

A major change occurred around 8,500 BC in the Fertile Crescent area of the Middle East when humans adopted agriculture. Soon after it was developed independently or spread to China, Egypt, and the Indus Valley. Several millennia later agriculture developed in Africa and in the Americas. Some areas such as Australia did not use agriculture until relatively modern times, although in some areas of Australia, fish-based farming was practiced by the aboriginal population which is thought to have arrived 50,000 years before the present.

Agriculture led to several major changes. It allowed far larger population densities. It also created, and allowed for the storage, of food surpluses that could support people not directly involved in food production. The development of agriculture allowed the creation of the first cities.

The development of cities has led to what has been called civilization. First in the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates and soon after along the Nile, Yangtze, and Indus evidence of elaborate cities with merchants and rulers is found. At this same time developments such as writing, currency, and extensive trade were introduced.

Bronze and Iron Age

The agricultural settlements had until this time been almost completely dependent on stone tools. In Eurasia around 3000 BC copper and bronze tools, decorations, and weapons began to become commonplace. Some areas of the world, including all of the Americas, never developed metal tools, however.

The rise of large organized religion is a notable element of this period. Over time a great variety of religions developed around the world with Hinduism and Buddhism in India, Zoroastrianism in Persia being some of the earliest major faiths.

After bronze the Mediterranean region and China saw the introduction of iron tools and weapons. This accompanied the rise of some of the world first empires. The most potent of these became the Roman Empire in the Mediterranean region and the Chinese Empire in the East. India and Persia produced their own empires in this period as well.

A noted cultural development was the development of philosophy in both east and west. The Roman Empire and its successor states were heavily influnced by the Ancient Greeks and their philosophers. In India a number of noted Buddhist scholars arose, while China saw Confucius and Lao-Tzu laid down the foundations of new religions.

In America the first large empires began to form around 1200 BC with the Olmec and Maya civilization creating large ceremonial structures. These states produced many great monuments and showed signs of great learning.

Age of Kingdoms
Throughout the temperate zones of Eurasia and North Africa large empires continued to rise and fall. While the Roman Empire collapsed it was replaced a few centuries later by a number of powerful Catholic states. In China dynasties would similarly rise and fall. The most remarkable, if short lived, of these was the Mongol Empire which seized almost all of Eurasia's landmass, missing only western Europe and Japan.

Islam, which began in Arabia in the eight century, was also one of the most remarkable forces growing from only a few followers to becoming the basis of a series of large Empires in India, the Middle East, and North Africa.

This period was marked by slow, but steady, technological improvements with developments of extreme import such as the stirrup and printing arriving every few centuries.

Vast societies also began to be built up in Central America at this time with the Inca in the Andes and the Aztecs in modern Mexico being the most notable.

Rise of Europe

Through a combination of factors the far western edge of the Eurasian land mass began to have a technological edge on the rest of the world by 1500, and over the next few centuries this process began to accelerate. Advancing seafaring technology allowed Christopher Columbus in 1492 to create a lasting link between the previously unconnected Americas and Eurasia. This had dramatic effects on both continents. The Europeans brought with them diseases the Americans had never before encountered, and over 90% of them were killed in a series of devastating epidemics. The Europeans also had horses, steel, and guns that allowed them to hold a decisive military advantage over the Americans.

The Aztec and Incan empires were destroyed, as were many of the cultures of North America. Gold and resources for the Americas began to be shipped to Europe, while at the same time large numbers of European colonists began to emigrate to the west.

The Spanish Empire was at first predominant, but soon the more northern French, English, and Dutch began to dominate the Atlantic. In a series of wars fought in the 17th and 18th centuries, culminating with the Napoleonic Wars Britain emerged as the most powerful nation in the world. It controlled an empire that spanned the globe.

While the Americas were the first areas to fall to the Europeans soon they also had a technological advantage over the people of Asia as well. In the 19th century Britain gained control of the Indian subcontinent, Egypt and Malaysia, the French took Indochina while the Dutch occupied Indonesia. The British also occupied several of the areas still populated by neolithic peoples including Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa, and as in the Americas large numbers of British colonist began to emigrate to these areas.

This era also saw the Industrial Revolution a major transformation of the world’s economies. It began in Britain and used new modes of production such as the factory, mass production, and mechanization to produce a wide array of materials faster and for less labour than previous methods. The world economy became based on coal. New methods of transport such as railways and steam ships made the world a smaller place.

Twentieth Century

The twentieth century saw the domination of the world by Europe wane, and the United States and the Soviet Union rise as superpowers. After 1990 the Soviet Union collapsed, however, and the United States became what some have termed a hyperpower.

The century saw the rise of unprecedented totalitarian ideologies. First with Communism in the Soviet Union after 1917, which spread to Eastern Europe after 1945, and China in 1949, and scattered other nations in the third world during the 1950s and 1960s. The 1920s saw militaristic dictatorships gain control of Germany, Italy, Japan, and Spain.

These transitions were evinced through wars of unparalleled scope and devastation. The First World War destroyed many of Europe's old monarchies, and weakened France and Britain. The Second World War saw most of the militaristic dictatorships in Europe destroyed, but saw Communism advance into Eastern Europe and Asia. This led to the Cold War, a forty-year stand-off between the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and theirs. Human civilization was put into jeopardy by the development of nuclear weapons. After out-spending the Soviet Union on weaponry, the US saw a collapse in the Soviet state, with fragmentation of the former republics, some rejoining Russia in a commonwealth, others reaching out toward Western Europe.

The same century saw vast progress in technology, and a large increase in life-expectancy and standard of living for the majority of humanity. As the world economy switched from one based upon coal to one based on oil, new communications and transportation technologies continued to make the world more united. These developments produced their own concerns, however, such as environmental degradation

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The History of Badminton

In the 5th century BC, the people in china then played a game called ti jian zi. A direct translation from this word 'ti jian zi' is kicking the shuttle. As the name suggest, the objective of the game is to keep the shuttle from hitting the ground without using hand. Whether this sport has anything to do with the History of Badminton is up for debate. It was however the first game that uses a Shuttle. About five centuries later, a game named Battledore and Shuttlecockwas played in china, Japan, India and Greece. This is a game where you use the Battledore (a paddle) to hit the Shuttlecock back and forth. By the 16th century, it has become a popular game among children in England. In Europe this game was known as jeu de volant to them. In the 1860s, a game named Poona was played in India. This game is much like the Battledore and Shuttlecock but with an added net. The British army learned this game in India and took the equipments back to England during the 1870s. In 1873, the Duke of Beaufort held a lawn party in his country place, Badminton. A game of Poona was played on that day and became popular among the British society's elite. The new party sport became known as "the Badminton game". In 1877, the Bath Badminton Club was formed and developed the first official set of rules. The International Badminton Federation (IBF) was formed in 1934 with 9 founding members. - England - Ireland - Scotland - Wales - Denmark - Holland - Canada - New Zealand - France Since then, major international tournaments like the Thomas Cup (Men)and Uber Cup (Women) were held. Badminton was officially granted Olympic status in the 1992 Barcelona Games. From 9 founding members, IBF now have over 150 member countries. The future of Badminton looks bright indeed.

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History of Football ( Soccer )

A sport similar to football (called soccer in the United States and elsewhere) was played 3000 years ago in Japan. Chinese text from 50 BC mentions football-type games between teams from Japan and China. A text dating from 611 AD confirms that football was played in Kyoto, the ancient capital of Japan.

Ancient Greeks and Romans also played a game that resembled football – although the Greeks permitted carrying of the ball. Olympic games in ancient Rome featured a 50-minute football game with twenty-seven men on a side.

The early days

How the sport spread from the East to Europe is not clear but England became the home of modern football. At first the game had a bad reputation among English royalty – possibly because of the noise the fans made – by whose insistence the government passed laws against it. King Edward (1307-1327) proclaimed, “For as much as there is a great noise in the city caused by hustling over large balls, from which many evils may arise, which God forbid, we forbid on behalf of the King, on pain of imprisonment, such game to be used in the city.” In 1365 King Edward III banned football because of its excessive violence and for military reasons playing took time away from archery practice the game had become too popular to be curtailed. King Henry IV and Henry VIII passed laws against the sport, and Queen Elizabeth I “had football players jailed for a week, with follow-up church penance”

Laws failed to slow the popularity of football and by 1681 it received official sanction in England. The games were still ruff and noisy, with players hardly ever leaving the field without broken bones or even being spiked. There was no standard set for the size of teams or the field; the earliest organized games, usually bitter confrontations between teams from two or three parishes, had goals as far as 5 km (3 miles) apart. It was only by 1801 that it was (somewhat) agreed that teams should have an equal number of players and that the playing area should be about 91 metres (100 yards). Records show that Eton college drew up the first written rules of football in 1815. (The modern standardized rules are known as the Cambridge rules.)

Until the mid-1800s football rules still varied across regions. Team sizes ranged from 15 to 21. The 11-player team was standardized in 1870. The crossbar between two goal posts became mandatory in 1875. The goalkeeper was formally distinguished in the 1880s.

FIFA

The first football club was formed in Sheffield, England in 1857. The Football Association was founded on 26 October 1863 by 11 clubs meeting in London. (The word association was abbreviated to assoc., which became “soccer.”)

The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) was founded in the rear of the headquarters of the Union Française de Sports Athlétiques at the rue Saint Honoré 229 in Paris on 21 May 1904. The first World Cup was held in 1930 in Uruguay.

Where does the word “soccer” come from?

In the 1880s students of Oxford university abbreviated words by adding “er” to the end; for instance, breakfast became “brekkers” and “rugby rules” was referred to as “rugger.” When one student, Charles Wreford Brown, was asked if he’d like to play rugger, he was the first to abbreviate “association rules” (Football Association rules) by answering, “No, soccer.” Brown later became an England international and Football Association vice-president.

“The Beautiful Game”

Football is the biggest spectator sport in the world, with angling as the world’s biggest participant sport. While Formula 1 is the sport most watched on television, the World Cup is, after the Olympics, the most watched sporting event on television globally.

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